Dynamo-electric machine.



PATENTED JULY 10, 1906.

P. BOUCHEROT. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY12 ,'1905.

2 SHEETSSHEET l,

INVENTOR 62 ATT O R N E) S.

WITNESSES' PATENTED JULY 10, 1906.

P. BOUCHEROT. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAYlZ, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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m (MM AT RNEYS PAUL BOUCHEROT, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

DYNAMO- ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented m 10, 1906.

Application filed May 12, 1905. Serial No. 260,130.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that 1, PAUL BOUOHEROT, en

gineer, acitizen of the Republic of France,

residing at Paris, France, (whose post-ofiice address is 14 Rue Daumier,Paris, France,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in andRelating to Dynamo-Electric Machines, (for which I have obtained a thefollowing is a specification.

.This invention has for its object-an electrical machine which, like thegreater number of electrical machines hitherto constructed, isre'versiblethat is'to say, capable of serving for the transformation ofelectrical energy into mechanical ener y orfor the transformation ofmechanica energy into electrical energy.

Owing'to its special construction, the ma-. chine in accordance withthis invention is more particularly capable of generating cur rent whichis wattless or in quadrature-that is tosay, it" may be substituted for acondenser (or for any electrical capacity) in its applications toalternating current.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is an elevation, partly insection, of a construc.-'

tional form of this machine considered as an electric motor. Fig. 2 is aplan View, partly in section,partlyin external elevation. Fig. 3 is amodification of one of the parts represented in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is anelevation, partly in section, partly in external elevation, illustratingan application of the machine for driving two pumps working in parallelon the same conduit. grammatic figure showing in detail the circuitconnections of the coils of the'continuofiuxor and of the ondulafiuxorin their separate circuits in connection, res ectively, with sources ofcontinuous and a ternating currents.

In the first place one of the practical arrangements adapted forapplication to this a paratus is described in detail. I In its app'cation this arrangement is intended for the employment. of theapparatus as an electric motor. The arrangement in question is rep-'resented in Figsii l and 2 and comprises- First. A magnetic portionsurrounded by windings through which passes continuous current comingfrom any convenient source Fig. 5 is a diaf 2 as regards the bundle c ofboth of these pole-pieces the lines of force of electricity. Thisportion, in which the flux is invariable, is hereinafter termed thecontinufluxer.

Second. A magnetic portion surrounded by windings through which passesan alternating current, and fromthis magnetic portion is obtained theelectrical energy which is transformed into reciprocating movements.This portion, in which the flux is constantly variable between two limitvalues, is hereinafter termed the ondulofluxer.

Third. A mechanical device permitting of converting the reciprocatingmovements obtained into movements of continuous rotation.

The continufluxer, of rectangular form, is constitutedas to two of itssides by flexible steel blades (magnetic spring-steel) assembled onewith the other at their extremities and in the middle by means of bolts.These two bundles of blades or plates of a are united at theirextremities to blocks 6 b by means of the bolts, which likewise servefor assembling the plates one with the other. The whole is supported inspace by two vertical spring-plates c c, fixed to a framework d. Thiscontinufluxer is therefore capable of withstanding considerable elasticdeformations and such that the middle of the springplates in the planview are able to effect oscillations of an amplitude of severalmillimeters oreven of several centimeters, if necessary. Fourmagnetizing-coils e e 6 e*, of in-- developed in the middle of a beingof con-- trary sign to that of the pole developed in the middle of o Thetwo magnetic fluxes thus created then pass into thondulofluxer. To thisend in the middle of each of the bundles of plates (1 and a is fixed inany appropriate manner a laminated pole-piecethat is to say, apole-piece constituted by thin insulated plates f as regards the bundlea and Upon each side emerge. Those from f are able to join those from fin two wayseither by passing through the part 9 of the ondulofiuxer orby passing through the part h of this ondulofluxer of appropriate form.Each of these parts of the ondulofluxer is con- 'stituted by thin platesinsulated one from the other and assembled and arranged in anyappropriate manner. The part .g is surrounded by a coil 9', of insulatedcopper wire. The part it for greater convenience receives two coils kand k arranged upon the rolongation of the lateral arms. The coi s j, k,and k may be connected either in series or in parallel and all receivealternating currents. By this is meant that the alternating currentcomes from the source of energy when they are in series and frombranches of this circuit when they are in parallel. The diagram Fig. 5shows the-connections with the sources of continuous current and ofalternating current and the different coils in the case where the seriesconnection is adopted throughout. Under the influence of these currentsthe poles f and f are alternately attracted and repelled. Theconnections be ing suitably established, f is attracted by 7c andrepelled by while f is attracted by is and repelled by j. The variableforces acting uponf and f are symmetrical. f andf separate from orapproach the center of the machine simultaneously. During these reciprocating movements of the parts f and f the air-gaps on each side ofthese poles vary, thereby producing variations of flux in the two parts9 and h of the ondulofluxer. When the poles are quite brought together,the fluxproduced by the continufluxer passes almost entirely through thepart it of the on'dulofluxer. The flux is thus maximum in g when it isminimum in 71,, and vice versa. These variations of flux in the coils 9'7c k induce 'electromotive forces therein, whence production of work inthis alternating movement, and this work may be utilized in any desiredmanner; but the movement which is produced results in part from theconcurrence of another cirumstancethe elastic force of the plates of thecontinufluxer, which partially or wholly destroys the effects of theinertia of the parts in reciprocating movement. In fact, it is possibleto conceive that the poles f and f are released from any elasticconnection, as in Fig. 3, which is but a modification of a part of Fig.2. In this case the spring-plates corresponding to one pole f arereplaced by two massive-parts a, and a", each cast with thecorresponding end piece I) and between which the pole f is ab 0 to movefreely, guided in this movement only in such a manner that it is unableto rub upon a and a. This arrangement, which may be employed withoutelasticity in certain cases, generally speaking, presents the followingdefects: The poles f and f 2 are able to adhere either to g or to it.There 1s no median position determined by the osclllations of the poles.The forces of inertia being large, a portion of the efforts produced 1semployed for compensating them to the detriment of the effective power.The maximum mechanical power which can be obtamed istherefore reduced bythis amount.

plex.

The displacement between the current absorbed and the difference ofpotential at the terminals is also Cgreater, which is not, generallyspeaking, esirable. It is absolutely necessary if it is desired toobtain a motor the power factor of which (cosine a) is equal to unity tocombine elasticity with the system by connecting f, Fig. 3, to fixedpoints .by means of springs.

Returning to the principal arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, itremains to examine in What manner the two alternating movements producedare converted into continuous circular movement. With this object twotransmission-rods Z and Z control by the intermediary of flexibleconnections m and m two levers n and M, which transmit the amplifiedalternating movement to four connecting-rods q 1 (1 g by theintermediary of four flexible connections 1) p p p. The fourconnecting-rods in alternating movement control four connecting-lugs r rr r and by their thrust communicate a continuous movement to a wheel 8,keyed upon the shaft t, supported by the bearings u u, and itselfcarrying the fly-wheel pulley o, from which the movement is thentransmitted, by means of a belt, to any desired utilization machine orapparatus. The small springs 90, which connect the levers n n to the boxoontainin the lower ondulofluxer h, are merely inten ed to partially orwholly compensate for the efforts of inertia peculiar to the levers nand n and to the connecting-rods q q q? (1 in order to prevent thetransmission of these efforts of inertia by the rods 1 and Z The inertiaof the connectinglugsor of any other reciprocating parts may likewise becompensated for by additional springs.

All the masses being symmetrically arranged and .all the reciprocatingmovements being symmetrical relatively to a vertical plane passingthrough the axis of the shaft, the center of gravity of the system doesnot move and the reactions upon the supports" cancel. The reactionsdueto the transmission of the useful work are likewise symmetrical, andthese useful efforts are obtained in each of the semiperiods of thereciprocating movement.

The angle described by the fly-wheel pulley during one period of thereciprocating movement is obviously proportionate to the amplitude ofthis movement. Assuming the frequency to be constant, it follows thatthe angular velocity of the pulley is proportionate to the am litude ofthe reciprocating movement. Tffe formula'of the angular velocityobtained is in reality exceedingly com- This velocitydepends both uponthe alternating tension applied at the terminals of the coils of thealterna-tin circuit, upon the value of the resisting coup e, upon theexcitation of the continuous current, upon the clas- ITO . tary motor beconverted into reoiprocatin eaaevv ticit of the s rin s and u onthe'masses in reciprocating movement. The only facts that it isimportant to bear in mind here are the following: The velocity for anyload whatever may be varied between very wide limits-zero andmaximumeither by the alternating tension applied. or by the continuousexcitation. The angle of lead of the alternating current absorbed by thedifierence of potential at the terminals may be varied between widelimits either by the excitation or by the elasticity of the springs orby the two pumps operating in paralle upon one and the same conduit. Inthis fi ure, which is of itself exceedingly clear, t e greater number ofthe reference letters given abov are reproduced.

In the arrangements described above the springs are utilized for thepassage of the constant magnetic flux, which becomes divided into twovariable fluxes. This is not indispensable, however, as, on the onehand, a continufluxer, fixed or movable relatively to the poles, may beprovided, and, on the other hand, sprin s which are not utilized for thepassage of t e flux.

Like every electric machine, my apparatus is reversible and can beemployed as a generator of current Whether the motion of some ro motion.01: a reciprocating motor be applie directly. For example, the ends ofeach of the rods Z Z may be connected to a piston of a steam, as, orother motor, which,under,the action 0 the fluid employed, will give the,necessary reciprocating motion for the production of alternatingcurrent, instead of beingiconnected to the pump, as shown in Fig. i.

t is well known to those skilled in the art that after having brought analternating or synchronous motor connected in parallel with the circuitto the speed of sychronism it continues to' turn, and if it issufficien'tly ex- 5 cited delivers into the circuit a Wattless current.It is the same with my apparatus, with the difference that it does notrequire an external meansto start it. With these pro portions andsuitable excitation it suffices to connect it up with the circuit, asbefore ex plained, to makeit oscillate and deliver to the circuit aWattless current.

I claim as my invention- 1. An electrical machine having a plurality ofmagnetic poles and means for imparting to them symmetrical reciprocatinmovements in the same direction as the ines of force that they emit,said reciprocating means comprising ma netic poles with coils at right70 angles to the st set, and separate circuits for each set, thereciprocating movements of the first set serving to cause the passage ofa constant magnetic flux alternately in one magnetic circuit and then inthe other, these 7 5 circuits being consequently the seat of va-= riablefluxes, through windings suitably arranged and traversed by alternatingcurrents.

2. An electrical machine having a plurality of ele'ctroma nets traversedby a continu- 8o ous current, an means for imparting to the poles ofsaid magnets symmetrical reciproeating movements, said means comprisingelectromagnets at right angles to said first set of magnets and aseparate circuit there- 85 for, in combination with means for utilizingthe reciprocating movements of the magnetic poles.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of 0 two subscribing Witnesses.

PAUL BOUCHERO'I.

Witnesses? LEON FRANGKEN, 4 MAURICE PELLIERER.

